In the United States, "justice" is a term that is often thrown around without much thought given to its meaning. Every day, millions of children recite the Pledge of Allegiance, which they conclude with the words "with liberty and justice for all". In front of many of our courtrooms, Lady Justice looms tall with a blindfold on and the scales of justice in her hands. But what is justice? This article will attempt to answer that question.
Justice is a concept which has been argued about by philosophers since the beginning of history. In his book "The Republic", Plato conceptualizes justice as a harmonious relationship between the various parts of a city or nation. A just city would have a nice balance between the ruling class, the warrior class, and the working class. Each would be treated fairly for the betterment of the overall society. Similarly, a just man would harmoniously balance the conflicting desires within himself so that he is a fair, good, and happy man.
The concept of justice has always been intimately tied to the idea of fairness, and it has always been associated with the idea of rationality. Everyone wants to live in a society which is fair. When a case goes before the Supreme Court, the judges (or justices) are expected to rationally deliberate long and hard about the fairest course of action.
The opposite of a just society would be a tyrannical society. This would be a society that is ruled by the whims of a single man or a small group of men who make decisions based on their own self-interest rather than the interest of the society as a whole. Interestingly, Plato thought that the only way for a truly just society to exist would be to have a "philosopher king", a wise man who carefully made decisions based on the interests of the society at large. He didn't think that a democracy by majority rule was very efficient at making the right decisions.
Justice and personal virtue (or morality) are two closely related, but distinct ideas. Justice could be thought of as the morality that we agree upon as a society and make into laws. Of course, there are endless debates about what these laws should be, and they are constantly changing. One of the most famous moral philosophers, Immanuel Kant, sums it up by saying:
"The duty of virtue is essentially distinguished from the duty of justice in this respect; that it is morally possible to be externally compelled to the latter, whereas the former rests on free self-constraint only."
By externally compelled, Kant means that the laws of our society can compel us to act in a more or less just manner. The government has the power to punish or imprison us if we do not follow these laws. However, Kant doesn't think that merely following laws makes someone a virtuous person. That takes harder work, and is based on our own personal system of morality.
Chris Pine spends his days working in the trash can industry. In his spare time, he pursues his passion of reading and writing about a wide variety of topics, including science, philosophy, nature, and humanity. If you currently own a 13 gallon trash can, we are having a blowout sale on Hefty trash bags.
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Chris_Pine
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/3900765
It's all.