Well topology is the term for how geometry is structured and rebuilding it would be retopologizing it lol ;P
What you want to start talking about is voxels, texels, tessellation, photometrics etc lol, there's like a million weird yet fancy sounding words surrounding 3d apps. All of which can be used to make you sound like a smart and sassy intellectual type lol.

topology is a geographic term usually. but i suppose it makes sense with sculpting.
basically describes the hills and ditches in terrain.
in your case, the model would be your terrain.